Every Member State of the European Union is obliged to implement EU law and take the necessary actions to fulfil this obligation. The body responsible for identifying potential violations of EU law is the European Commission.
If a Member State does not apply EU law or otherwise fails to comply with its obligations under EU law, the Commission may initiate a formal infringement procedure under Articles 258 and 260 TFEU (see more on the infringement procedure in sources 1, 2, 3, 4).
In 2025, the European Commission undertook a series of actions within infringement cases against Greece – opening, continuing, or closing the relevant cases. Reviewing the Commission’s decisions, we identified 13 cases [INFR(2020)2268, INFR(2022)0297, INFR(2022)2044, INFR(2024)0221, INFR(2024)0269, INFR(2024)2198, INFR(2024)2237, INFR(2024)2243, INFR(2024)4013, INFR(2025)0041, INFR(2025)0042, INFR(2025)0214, INFR(2025)2019] in which the Commission decided to send a reasoned opinion to Greece in 2025.
Of these, 10 cases remained active at least until the end of the year and are presented below.
I. February 2025 Infringement Package (12‑2‑2025)
The Commission decided to send a reasoned opinion to Greece for failure to comply with Directive (EU) 2020/262 establishing the general arrangements for excise duty [INFR(2020)2268], calling on Greece to abolish the excise‑duty exemption for duty‑free shops at land borders with third countries.
II. May 2025 Infringement Package (7‑5‑2025)
The Commission sent reasoned opinions to Greece due to:
III. June 2025 Infringement Package (18‑6‑2025)
The Commission sent reasoned opinions to Greece due to:
IV. July 2025 Infringement Package (17‑7‑2025)
The Commission sent a reasoned opinion to Greece for failing to notify national measures transposing Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities [INFR(2024)0269].
V. November 2025 Infringement Package (21‑11‑2025)
The Commission sent a reasoned opinion to Greece for failure to comply with EU rules on authorization procedures for the use of public coastal areas [INFR(2024)2243], calling on Greece to ensure equal treatment in the award of coastal‑area concession contracts.
VI. December 2025 Infringement Package (11‑12‑2025)
The Commission sent reasoned opinions to Greece due to:
Information on these procedures and the Commission’s decisions can be found on the European Commission’s website by clicking “Commission decisions” and entering the infringement case numbers [INFR(…)] mentioned above.
The implementation of EU law is an obligation of all EU Member States.
When potential violations of EU law are identified, the European Commission may take a series of actions against the Member State to ensure the correct and full application of EU law.
In 2025, within the infringement procedure framework, the Commission decided to send more than 10 reasoned opinions to Greece concerning issues related to taxation, transport, the environment, energy, and migration.
Bank Account number: 1100 0232 0016 560
IBAN: GR56 0140 1100 1100 0232 0016 560
BIC: CRBAGRAA
In a time where the very foundations of democracy are gradually being eroded by the rise of extreme nationalism, alt-right movements, the spread of disinformation and corporate capture, the efforts of organisations such as Vouliwatch are more relevant than ever.
We rely on the generosity of each and every one of you to continue with our efforts for more transparency and accounta
By financially supporting Vouliwatch you support our litigation strategy, our campaigns for transparency and accountability in the political system, the development of new civic tech tools, our research projects and last but not least our impartial and accurate
